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Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common form of glioma, a primary form of brain cancer. The term "multiforme" comes from the fact that these tumors grow in an erratic fashion with projections that look like fingers which can infiltrate surrounding brain. There are 2-3 cases per 100,000 people in North America and Europe. They tend to be more common in males. While they can develop in people of any age, the majority are seen in people who are over 50 years of age. When GBMs develop in younger people, they generally start as lower grade, slower growing astrocytomas which, over time, progress into GBMs. In patients over 50, however, they tend to develop as GBMs automatically. Initially, people notice symptoms such as seizure, sudden onset of confusion and memory problems, sudden onset of motor difficulty, and/or increasingly severe headaches. Symptoms often depend on the area of the brain in which the tumor is located. Generally, an MRI is the first step in diagnosis, followed by a biopsy. Treatment generally is surgery to debulk the tumor, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. One chemotherapy is usually continued until the tumor progresses. At that time, doctors will determine if the best course of action is more surgery, a different chemotherapy, or both. At this time, it is not known what causes GBM. Familial cases have been seen, but this is very rare. There also is no cure although research is widespread. On average, patients with GBM survive for one year after diagnosis although there is a wide range in possible life expectancy. |
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May, 2012
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